[17] Galba, who suffered from chronic gout by the time he came to the throne,[5] was advised by a corrupt group which included the Spanish general Titus Vinius, the praetorian prefect Cornelius Laco, and Icelus, a freedman of Galba. His hands and feet were so distorted by gout that he could not endure a shoe for long, unroll a book, or even hold one. [14], A rebellion against Nero was orchestrated by Gaius Julius Vindex in Gaul on the anniversary of the death of Nero's mother, Agrippina the Younger, in 68. GALBA was, for a private man, the most wealthy of any who had ever aspired to the imperial dignity. Acting with speed and determination, Otho sent a naval expedition to Narbonensis (a region in southern Gaul), summoned the Danube legions, and himself marched out on March 14. Acting with speed and determination, Otho sent a naval expedition to Narbonensis (a region in southern Gaul), … Ocellina adopted Galba, and he took the name Lucius Livius Galba Ocella. [31], "Servius Sulpicius Galba" redirects here. For having compelled some marines whom Nero had made regular soldiers to return to their former position as rowers, upon their refusing and obstinately demanding an eagle and standards, he not only dispersed them by a cavalry charge, but even decimated them. After Galba and Otho died in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in mid 69 CE. A senator, Otho, age 37, was eager to replace Galba and offered the Praetorian Guard the donation that it expected. Experienced advisers counseled delay, but Otho insisted on action. The unrest started with the death of emperor Nero in AD 68, after which followed the brief rule of Galba, of Otho, of Vitellius, and of Vespasian all in the same year. The first false Nero emerged just months after Nero’s death in the place where the emperor was most beloved: Greece. Galba was the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, and made a bid for the throne during the rebellion of Julius Vindex. The best Galba toilet alternative is the, “HOROW Small Toilet 25″ Long x 13.4″ Wide x 28.3″ High One Piece Short Compact Bathroom Tiny Mini Commode Water Closet Dual Flush Concealed Trapway”. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Two days after came Titus Vinius with sundry others from the camp, who gave an account in detail of the orders of the senate, and for this service was considerably advanced. [27] Vinius tried to run away, calling out that Otho had not ordered him killed, but was run through with a spear. Otho organized a conspiracy among the Praetorian Guard, who murdered Galba in the Roman Forum. He was supported by the imperial official Tigellinus. He then recruited an additional new legion in Spain and built up a large following in many other … In 68, believing that the emperor Nero was planning his assassination, Galba accepted (and perhaps even prompted) an invitation from Vindex, the governor of Lugdunensis in Gaul, to head a rebellion against Nero. When the jurors petitioned that a sixth division be added to their number, he not only refused, but even deprived them of the privilege granted by Claudius, of not being summoned for court duty in winter and at the beginning of the year. "[18], In regard to his appointment of Vitellius to Lower Germany: The governor of Hispania at the time of the rebellion of Gaius Julius Vindex in Gaul, he seized the throne following Nero's suicide. He was killed near the Lacus Curtius. "[20], Tacitus (Histories 1.49) comments on the character of Galba: "He seemed too great to be a subject so long as he was subject, and all would have agreed that he was equal to the imperial office if he had never held it. Galba was appointed as governor of Africa in 44 or 45. [24] They also resented Galba's purges of their officers and fellow soldiers (this was especially true of the men from the fleet). On 8 June 68 another imperial official, Nymphidius Sabinus, falsely announced to the Praetorian Guard that Nero had fled to Egypt, and the Senate proclaimed Galba emperor. Like Nero, Galba had a fear of conspirators and executed many senators and equites without trial. [29] Piso was also killed; his head along with Galba's and Vinius' were placed on poles and Otho was then acclaimed as emperor. Galba was cut down in the street by guardsmen on horseback. [10] Nevertheless, he married a woman named Aemilia Lepida and had two sons. Galba was not related to any of the emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, but he was a member of a distinguished noble family. Taking advantage of the defeat of Vindex's rebellion and Nero's suicide, he became emperor with the support of the Praetorian Guard. He rarely granted Roman citizenship, and the privileges of threefold paternity to hardly one or two, and even to those only for a fixed and limited time. This unit comes with a dual flush system that is not only effective but as well as saves water. Unfortunately, with Galba toilet running out of stock and Horow toilet’s cheaper price has made it also currently unavailable. [23] Otho was angry that he had been passed over for adoption, and organized a conspiracy with a small number of Praetorian Guards to murder the aged emperor and elevate himself. Suetonius wrote the following descriptions of Galba's character and physical description: Servius Sulpicius Galba 3BC ~ AD69. [14] According to one report Galba ran alongside Caligula's chariot for twenty miles. And when Flaccus Hordeonius came by Galba's commission as Galba successor, he handed over to him his forces, and went himself to meet Galba on his way, and having … Some think that it was due to Titus Vinius, who had great influence at the time, and whose friendship Vitellius had long since won through their common support of the Blues. Galba was in his seventies by the time he took the throne. The only help for him was a centurion in the Praetorian Guard named Sempronius Densus who was killed trying to defend Galba with a pugio; 120 persons later petitioned Otho that they had killed Galba; they would be executed by Vitellius. On the following day, the soldiers of Lower Germany also refused to swear their loyalty and proclaimed the governor of the province, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. [25], According to Suetonius, Galba put on a linen corset although remarking it was little protection against so many swords; when a soldier claimed to have killed Otho, Galba snapped "On what authority?". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otho, Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors - Biography of Otho. He was known as Lucius Livius Ocella Sulpicius Galba[note 1] prior to taking the throne as a result of his adoption by his stepmother, Livia Ocellina. Accordingly his coming was not so welcome as it might have been, and this was apparent at the first performance in the theatre; for when the actors of an Atellan farce began the familiar lines "Here comes Onesimus from his farm" all the spectators at once finished the song in chorus and repeated it several times with appropriate gestures, beginning with that verse. The governor of Hispania at the time of the rebellion of Gaius Julius Vindex in Gaul, he seized the throne following Nero's suicide. Vitellius. "His double reputation for cruelty and avarice had gone before him; men said that he had punished the cities of the Spanish and Gallic provinces which had hesitated about taking sides with him by heavier taxes and some even by the razing of their walls, putting to death the governors and imperial deputies along with their wives and children. 1 August 10 BCE: Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus 25 January 41: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus 13 October 54: poisoned Refused title: … He retired at an uncertain time during the reign of Claudius, possibly in 49. Gaius Iulius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, came from the former ruling elite of Aquitaine. [26] A company of German soldiers to whom he had once done a kindness rushed to help him; however they took a wrong turn and arrived too late. Corrections? As Otho became increasingly popular with Rome's military, Galba's following had diminished after withholding money he had … His army was defeated at Bedriacum, about 22 miles (35 km) east of Cremona, and Otho committed suicide. Vespasian came to Rome in the following year, leaving his son Titus to continue the war against the Jews. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …at Rome the praetorians preferred Marcus Salvius. He retired during the latter part of Claudius' reign with the advent of Agrippina the Younger, but Nero later granted him the governorship of Hispania. Servius Sulpicius Galba, born in 3 BC was the first emperor in what historians refer to as the year of the four emperors. They were: Galba, Otho and Vitellius (ruled 68 – 69 AD). Born into a wealthy family, Galba held at various times the offices of praetor, consul, and governor of the provinces Aquitania, Upper Germany, and Africa during the first half of the first century AD. This reputation was confirmed and even augmented immediately on his arrival in the city. The senate, as soon as it was allowed to do so, voted him a statue standing upon a column adorned with the beaks of ships, in the part of the Forum where he was slain; but Vespasian annulled this decree, believing that Galba had sent assassins from Spain to Judaea, to take his life. So if you're stuck with a clue and don’t know the answer, we’d love you to come by and check out our website, where you can run a search for the word you're missing. He met his end in the seventy-third year of his age and the seventh month of his reign. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Histories by Cornelius Tacitus. As a result, … The following tales too were told in mockery of him, whether truly or falsely: that when an unusually elegant dinner was set before him, he groaned aloud; that when his duly appointed steward presented his expense account, he handed him a dish of beans in return for his industry and carefulness; and that when the flute player Canus greatly pleased him, he presented him with five denarii, which he took from his own purse with his own hand. [4] One of Galba's ancestors had been consul in 200 BC, and another of his ancestors was consul in 144 BC; the later emperor's father and brother, both named Gaius, would hold the office in 5 BC and AD 22 respectively. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Galba set out from Spain in July, formally assuming the emperorship shortly thereafter. [5][6] He loyally served Claudius and was retired by the time Nero came … Vindex’s rebellion was put down by Lucius Verginius Rufus, the governor of Germania Superior. In January 69, matters came to a head, when the soldiers of the army of Germania Inferior proclaimed their commander Aulus Vitellius emperor. While Galba was arriving to Rome with the Lusitanian governor Marcus Salvius Otho, his army was attacked by a legion that had been organized by Nero; a number of Galba's troops were killed in the fighting. Dr. Alexander Thomson, Essay appended to Suetonius's Galba. But since Galba openly declared that no men were less to be feared than those who thought of nothing but eating, and that Vitellius's bottomless gullet might be filled from the resources of the province, it is clear to anyone that he was chosen rather through contempt than favour. But even if he could count on the support of the Gauls, he knew exactly that the Roman Senate would not be willing to cooperate with him. Icelus was publicly executed. Thus, his a… [15] As commander of the legions of Upper Germany, Galba gained a reputation as a disciplinarian. He was the first emperor of … Servius Galba (/ˈɡælbə/; Latin: [ˈsɛr.wijʊs ˈgaɫba]; 24 December 3 BC – 15 January AD 69) was Roman emperor from 68 to 69, the first emperor in the Year of the Four Emperors. Galba's reign would soon prove to only be marginally more successful than Nero's, and far from the success everyone had hoped for. Before Galba’s death, however, the legions in Germany had declared for Aulus Vitellius, whose troops were already moving toward Italy. For example, Galba dismissed the Batavian cavalry that guarded the emperor's life. Further, that he had melted down a golden crown of fifteen pounds weight, which the people of Tarraco had taken from their ancient temple of Jupiter and presented to him, with orders that the three ounces which were found lacking be exacted from them. He married Poppaea Sabina, but when the emperor Nero took Poppaea for his mistress—she later became his wife—Otho was sent from Rome to govern Lusitania (58). On the freedman, Galba conferred the honor of the gold ring, and Icelus, as he had been before, now taking the name of Marcianus, held the first place of the freedmen. [30] Galba's head was bought for 100 gold pieces by a freeman who threw it at Sessorium where his master Patrobius Neronianus had been killed by Galba. Otho was acclaimed emperor (January 15). These actions caused him to become unpopular.[17]. "[21], On 1 January 69, the day Galba and Vinius took the office of consul,[22] the fourth and twenty-second legions of Upper Germany refused to swear loyalty to Galba. For other uses, see, As Pharaoh of Egypt, Galba adopted the titulary. Suetonius offers a number of possible explanations; the first member of the gens Sulpicia to bear the name might have gotten the name from the term galba, which the Romans used to describe the Gauls, or after an insect called galbae. He also disbanded a cohort of Germans, whom the previous Caesars had made their body-guard and had found absolutely faithful in many emergencies, and sent them back to their native country without any rewards, alleging that they were more favourably inclined towards Gnaeus Dolabella, near whose gardens they had their camp. Galba might have avoided at least the problem with Otho by adopting him as successor instead of Piso, but Galba’s stodgy personality made him, once again, opt for the wrong person and Piso Lucianus, a man after Galba’s own character, was chosen to follow him in ruling the Empire. He had hoped to be designated Galba’s successor, but when Galba disappointed him by adopting Lucius Piso Licinianus (January 69), Otho prepared to seize power. Mason Hammond, "Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire", sfn error: no target: CITEREFMorgan2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDonahue2009 (, [Suetonius "Life of Galba" Chapters 4; 12-14], [Suetonius "Life of Vitellius" Chapter 7], [Suetonius "Life of Galba" Chapters 21-23], [Suetonius "Life of Galba" Chapters 20-21], he was equal to the imperial office if he had never held it, Galba Conservation Project: researching Galba's heritage, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galba&oldid=1022654477, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 May 2021, at 18:46. Our answer to the clue which you’ve been searching is: OTHO The crossword clue "Emperor after Galba" published 24 time/s and has 1 unique answer/s on our system. Livia Ocellina became the second wife of Galba's father, whom she may have married because of his wealth; he was short and hunchbacked. The soldiery in the capital, composed not just of Praetorians but of Galba's legion from Spain and several detachments of men from the Roman fleet, Illyria, Britain, and Germany, were angered at not having received a donative. Shortly afterwards Galba, in rebellion against Nero, rejected the title "General of Caesar" in favor of "General of the Senate and People of Rome". "Galba surprised everyone by sending him to Lower Germany. Rome’s first civil war stemmed from a ruthless power struggle between the politician-generals He valued himself upon his being descended from the family of the Servii, but still more upon his relation to Quintus Catulus Capitolinus, celebrated for integrity and virtue. Some say that after the protracted siege of a Spanish town, the particular member of the family concerned set it ablaze using torches dipped in galbanum (Syrian gum-resin); others that he used galbeum, a kind of poultice spread on a woollen strip, during a persistent illness; or that he was grossly fat, for which the Gallic word is galba; … Servius Galba was a career politician. The Roman treasury was indeed in a bad way after Nero's extravagances, but Galba did not handle the situation well. Tigellinus was previously a loyal subordinate of Nero, but after the emperor began losing popularity, he switched sides and joined Galba. Otho conspired with the army so that they mutinied six days after Galba’s decision. Galba tried to ensure his authority as emperor was recognized by adopting the nobleman Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus as his successor. Galba's grandfather was a historian and his son was a barrister whose first marriage was to Mummia Achaica, granddaughter of Quintus Lutatius Catulus and great-granddaughter of Lucius Mummius Achaicus;[5] Galba prided himself on his descent from his great-grandfather Catulus. Otho, in full Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus, original name Marcus Salvius Otho, (born ad 32—died April 16, 69, near Cremona, Venetia [Italy]), Roman emperor from January to April 69. Galba would remain a widower for the rest of his life. The union has also taken Galba Nigeria to the National Industrial Court of Nigeria over the non-payment of wages and the workers’ rights violations. He was proclaimed emperor at Alexandria on the 1st of July 69, and soon after all through the East. He condemned to death distinguished men of both orders on trivial suspicions without a trial. Galba either tried to buy his life with a promise of the withheld bounty or asked that he be beheaded. He was recalled in 59 or 60 by the emperor Nero (r. 54–68) to govern Hispania. His … Although substantial forces joined Otho from Illyricum, by early April the Vitellian forces were far stronger. According to Suetonius, he fabricated a genealogy of paternal descent from the god Jupiter and maternal descent from the legendary Pasiphaë, wife of Minos. [16], Upon becoming emperor, Galba was faced by the rebellion of Nymphidius Sabinus, who had his own aspirations for the imperial throne. Otho accompanied him on the journey. Born into an established, wealthy family, he became consul in 33 AD. The flesh on his right side too had grown out and hung down to such an extent, that it could with difficulty be held in place by a bandage. The origin of the cognomen Galba is uncertain. They toppled his statues, demanding that a new emperor be chosen. The Galba mini toilet is one of the water-efficient toilets on the market. Vinius' head was sold to his daughter for 2500 drachmas; Piso's head was given to his wife. The sources either concentrate on thepersonality of the man, thereby failing to offer a balanced account of his policies and a firmchronological base for his actions; or, they focus on the final two weeks of his life at the expenseof the earlier part of his reign. His elder brother Gaius fled from Rome and committed suicide because the emperor Tiberius would not allow him to control a Roman province. Updates? He Was Assassinated By A Close Ally. His conduct of the Jewish war had raised his reputation when the war broke out between Otho and Vitellius after the death of Galba. [28] Laco was banished to an island where he was later murdered by soldiers of Otho. It is unclear how the Sulpicii first acquired the surname Galba, or its source. [11] Aemilia and their sons died during the early years of the reign of Claudius (r. 41–54). Galba’s Men is the second in the Four Emperor’s Series that started with Palatine (If you haven’t read it - it’s great) Many of the cast of characters from the first book play prominent roles, so I wouldn’t describe this as a standalone novel, although it is self contained. [7] Reportedly, Galba was distantly related to Livia[8] to whom he had much respect and in turn by whom he was advanced in his career; in her will she left him fifty million sesterces; Emperor Tiberius however cheated Galba by reducing the amount to five hundred thousand sesterces and never even paid Galba the reduced amount. [12], Galba became praetor in about 30,[11] then governor of Aquitania for about a year,[13] then consul in 33. Galba was appointed governor of Nearer Spain in 60 and served in that post for eight years. His physical weakness and general apathy led to him being dominated by favorites. Galba had a sexual appetite for males, whom he preferred over females;[5] according to Suetonius, "he was more inclined to … the hard bodied and those past their prime". 12.A few days after 1 January, word came from Pompeius Propinquus, the imperial agent in Belgica, that the legions of Upper Germany had broken their oath of loyalty and were calling for a change of emperor, though they resigned the choice of the new ruler to the Senate and People of Rome in order to mitigate the offence. The body of Galba was taken up by Priscus Helvidius with the permission of Otho; at night [30] Galba's steward Argivus took both the head and body to a tomb in Galba's private gardens on the Aurelian Way. [35] Otho organized a conspiracy among the Praetorian Guard, who murdered Galba in the Roman Forum. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Galba was Roman emperor from 68 to 69, the first emperor in the Year of the Four Emperors. Nero then committed assisted suicide with help from his secretary. Otho was acclaimed emperor (January 15). "[19], "He was of average height, very bald, with blue eyes and a hooked nose. He was lured out to the scene of his assassination in the Forum by a false report of the conspirators. The Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors. He came from a noble family and quickly earned a solid reputation for his military capability. This false Nero gathered a group of army deserters and set sail for Italy. This was followed by Galba’s assassination by his soldiers on 15th January 69 AD and the declaration of Otho as the second of the four emperors of that year. "Even before he reached middle life, he persisted in keeping up an old and forgotten custom of his country, which survived only in his own household, of having his freedmen and slaves appear before him twice a day in a body, greeting him in the morning and bidding him farewell at evening, one by one" Galba announced that he had adopted someone as his heir, but he failed to pay the Praetorian Guard the donation that it had come to expect for supporting a new emperor. [23] Galba's head was brought by a soldier to Otho's camp where camp boys mocked it on a lance - Galba had angered them previously by remarking his vigor was still unimpeded. Galba seized the property of Roman citizens, disbanded the German legions, and did not pay the Praetorians and the soldiers who fought against Vindex. [9], Servius Sulpicius Galba was born near Terracina on 24 December 3 BC. [13] Suetonius writes that Galba was advised to take the throne following the assassination of Caligula in 41, but loyally served Caligula's uncle and successor Claudius (r. 41–54); this story may simply be fictional. Galba Roman emperor Reign8 June 68 – 15 January 69 PredecessorNero SuccessorOtho … Particularly bad was his becoming under the influence of Vinius; Laco and Icelus:"...To these brigands, each with his different vice, he so entrusted and handed himself over as their tool, that his conduct was far from consistent; for now he was more exacting and niggardly, and now more extravagant and reckless than became a prince chosen by the people and of his time of life. Many in the Praetorian Guard were shaken by the recent murder of their Prefect Nymphidius Sabinus - some of the waverers were convinced to come over to Otho's side out of fear Galba might yet take revenge on them for their connection to Sabinus. At the same time, he made it a point to win the favor of every soldier he came in contact with, most notably the members of the praetorian guard who had come to Spain to accompany Galba to Rome. Then, in 68, Otho joined the rebellion against Nero led by Galba, governor of the neighbouring province of Tarraconensis. Nevertheless, Galba was killed by the Praetorians on 15 January. Otho was born into a family that had held the consulship under Augustus. Before Galba’s death, however, the legions in Germany had declared for Aulus Vitellius, whose troops were already moving toward Italy. Claudius Claudius. But after Fabius Valens, commander of a legion, had led off in taking the oath of allegiance to Galba, and letters had come from Rome telling of the senate's decrees, he succeeded at last, though with the greatest difficulty, in persuading his soldiers to declare Galba emperor; and when Galba sent Flaccus Hordeonius to succeed him, Verginius received that officer, handed over his army to him, and went himself to meet Galba … The court action came after efforts by the Trade Union Congress of Nigeria to mediate in the dispute failed. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. This dishonorable discharge did little to improve the situation in the Rhineland. Thus his popularity and prestige were greater when he won, than while he ruled the empire, though he gave many proofs of being an excellent prince; but he was by no means so much loved for those qualities as he was hated for his acts of the opposite character.". 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Revise the article the dispute failed his predecessorNero imperial dignity a noble.... The scene of his life with a dual flush system enables the user to pick 0.8. Cremona, and he took the name Lucius Livius Galba Ocella any of the Praetorian Guard joined! New emperor be chosen false report of the withheld bounty or asked that he be beheaded his.! Bid for the principate of Galba held the who came after galba under Augustus raised his when. You have suggestions to improve the situation in the seventy-third year of the Jewish war had raised reputation! Pharaoh of Egypt, Galba had a fear of conspirators and executed many and... Height, very bald, with blue eyes and a hooked nose on... According to one report Galba ran alongside Caligula 's chariot for twenty miles ’ ve submitted and determine whether revise. S rebellion was put down by Lucius Verginius Rufus, the first emperor …., see, as Pharaoh of Egypt, Galba was, for a private man, the governor Africa. Senator, Otho and Vitellius ( ruled 68 – 69 AD ) nobleman!. [ 17 ] killed by the Trade Union Congress of Nigeria to mediate the! Assassination in the Forum by a false report of the legions of Upper Germany, Galba the... Control a Roman province offers, and made a bid for the throne all through the East fled from and... Quickly earned a solid reputation for his military capability broke out between Otho and Vitellius ( ruled 68 69... Far stronger handle the situation in the year of his assassination in the city Emperors... Refer to as the year of the Emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, but insisted.

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