coal mining methods pdf

0000005132 00000 n Coal seam degasification is covered extensively. 2�?N$��t�Ұ��j�$��&��*�, (=��YH��_��x��e{�m��P��= �94��&K�E��$-c��?HڦA��l�0z�� ؝�;]�X\��*�1�F�"_�]I �lASU'�!�X��Z7��p(M�U��J͡5]w�ġ�P��H\g��f�s%*,N��E#^dxC� ll��2�-�%�09zGB=p�"^��`��'��M{Kh rt7,?��t'�S��%pF��26��t'r�>��vu$� 0000003300 00000 n 8 0 obj 0000015658 00000 n << 0000004284 00000 n 0000006679 00000 n 0000001581 00000 n SOURCE: EIA, 1995. Generally for Indian mines, the proposed safety factor is 1.5-1.8. %PDF-1.3 %�� 0000014104 00000 n 0000046674 00000 n A new mining method 04 Introduction The mining methods used in open cut coal strip mining in most major coal producing countries have been well established and fairly consistent over the past few decades. endobj of mining. A dragline cannot be used due to the depth of the coal and width of the pit, but later on in the life of the mine, the mined-out terraces will be back-filled with waste (ie. 0000033820 00000 n 4 0 obj H�b```f``{�� x�A�X��,�� n�.2�n�a@��A+�LdW0�Q'�xU��H��'vu��mS�*��DN��f��.��U��X=5Op�R_�ba�o�u7��u �~�̄ (Adobe) �� /��H�� }^�G�� CzGz��H_��O#}�A��;H��w�y��H߇#�� ҏ��3�1B�wx�'�*ң��)�g�38��18��8��sx��/��S�x�W�6��;�'�kx�7��~� �>@�|��_�ғH��c��H��L��(�|�Ў��%�K@G�Ǐj��[t�U*�(��5j� stream Geology in Coal Mining 8. 6.2.10.2 Underground Mining. 459 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 462 /H [ 1763 415 ] /L 214698 /E 112155 /N 5 /T 205399 >> endobj xref 459 44 0000000016 00000 n }�#}�G�> �oÕpҫ`ҫac�-��5p1�k�'�&\��n�K�n��H��K�� !�.Gz\yn�+��W!�=\��V�y� � � �Ez;\y H�mH�� Gz܀)��nB�F��H�["��~�t܊�^�ҝp[�o�}ݎt܁t7�y��? 0000014341 00000 n 0000008017 00000 n Other underground coal mines are laid out in a checkerboard of rooms and pillars (Fig. TӨU�R�R�*Q��"��r�ȫTȝ��^�'�� +?��m�F�F�4+��"��Z�Z��R1�T�V� 4.1 Introduction a.) machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. !�wE^��g��> ��a;҇�+܃� �F�ð�#p/�Gag�ex�C�8�O�.�O��Ax /Filter /FlateDecode Of all these methods, strip mining is probably the most environmentally friendly. /Length 20675 Classification of Underground Mining Methods Mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Change in production and productivity of US coal mines The higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs. Currently, 11 benches are mined, 6 of overburden waste and 5 of coal. 0000014318 00000 n +� V�A�,� ��S�_N��X/+��Io6aLg5[�hz��j2*�h�Ԕ]��R9�Ne0X��r�\��+��i+�i��WTT��9�ʥx�� Ŭ&�,V#MJ��f6)��h�4�ݠ�Q9�Nm4"wZd��r�݄��/be5�,8�,�ۭ6� methods are Obert-Duvall and Bieniawski methods. A numerical rating for each mining method is arrived at by summing these rankings. .f��Zʘg��1it|�g�H˒ʡt�Irv��h(�|bڡK� ��^C�ȧUV��J�f�t�"=��>��57��X��c��B_e\�R˞��i�3�B�� ʆN�4��Rn�(�$��_Bgz.�}��JnR괝�ZW{V�uV��k�mE\�B �W)+ ��zfAA�W��p��'PAZ�|�7,�Wiy��I~Rs��Ν_��eZ!��/i�&o��~;�S. select the optimal mining method based on production, cost and environmental criteria. 0000004685 00000 n I-Coal Exploration and Mining - Lixun Kang ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) 1.3.2 Field mapping techniques Geological mapping is a necessary starting point for the fieldwork of coal exploration. 0000004904 00000 n Z"�yЊ��A�.hGz��Xy�aҵЉt��*��wa��F�Bz1\��V#�k�^�H7��;p)�Cz\��rX�� These general mining practices have been described by Kukla et al. Selection of Shaft Sinking Method for Underground Mining in Khalashpir Coal Field, Khalashpir, Rangpur, Bangladesh %PDF-1.7 0000015681 00000 n ��;�x��]sj+�(�Hv&�H��"Q��~#�/&L��8:��M�ݰ��Ч��6�L*�P�s� )��ÂD��xx`}CK �p One of the problems of this approach was that all … A correlation between safety factor and excavation ratio and its application will boost the production and profitability 0000004058 00000 n ��-?��a�G�� S�_��V�;V��K��f2[POV��D��bqX�J-&��d�Rv��A�z�Ʉ�i��*66��I�a��y�Rv)�Ն}�a��r8�`Ekes٬J-f��l�Rv��E�F�ٌ�i��W||. This guideline document has been compiled with the assistance of many experienced mining /Length1 41552 0000002618 00000 n https://www.slideshare.net/.../coal-mining-methods-74267944 0000012048 00000 n The NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic [NIOSH 1987bl should be followed to select the correct respirator. �jY~�0T�&%��=0xgຏR�0 For this study, the medium-size mine is deﬁned with a production rate of 7.6 million bank m3 of overburden to be excavated annually. II - Surface Mining Methods and Equipment - J. Yamatomi and S. Okubo ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Figure 2. (1993) and Aspinall et al. Mining Methods 6 Fig. 8 Methods for Protecting Coal Miners The particulate filter in the respirator can become saturated and change its filtration and breathing resistance characteristics. 0000006702 00000 n (Identity) UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERS CIVIL ENGINEERING – Vol. Greater use of longwall mining, replacing bord-and-pillar mining, will improve resource recovery.In case of thick seams, sublevel caving, hydraulic mining, and multislice longwall methods deserve special attention. 0000009365 00000 n The term coal quality is used to distinguish the range of different commercial steam coals that are produced directly by The necessary underground equipment for maintaining … For Indian coal mines, CMRI has developed a formula for calculating the safety factor. The rooms are the empty areas from which coal has been mined, and the pillars are blocks of coal (generally 40 to 80 feet on a side) left to support the mine roof. �00m9蒬�x��Ȏ�͞��72�0�eep'�0:Ѓ��f�H � ��X��(��D @� ��X� endstream endobj 502 0 obj 292 endobj 462 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 448 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS2 471 0 R /CS3 472 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 495 0 R /GS3 496 0 R >> /Font << /TT6 468 0 R /TT7 466 0 R /TT8 464 0 R /TT9 465 0 R /TT10 487 0 R /TT11 485 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /Contents [ 474 0 R 476 0 R 478 0 R 480 0 R 482 0 R 484 0 R 490 0 R 492 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 >> endobj 463 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 923 /CapHeight 687 /Descent -282 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -134 -337 1193 1021 ] /FontName /ELDHOL+BookAntiqua-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 140.269 /FontFile2 497 0 R >> endobj 464 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 722 833 611 556 833 0 389 0 778 611 1000 833 0 611 0 722 0 667 778 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 611 444 611 500 389 556 611 333 0 0 333 889 611 556 611 611 389 444 333 611 556 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDHOL+BookAntiqua-Bold /FontDescriptor 463 0 R >> endobj 465 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 371 0 0 840 0 208 333 333 389 0 250 333 250 606 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 0 0 0 0 0 778 611 709 774 611 556 763 832 337 0 726 611 946 831 786 604 0 668 525 613 778 722 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 553 444 611 479 333 556 582 291 234 556 291 883 582 546 601 560 395 424 326 603 565 834 516 556 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDIAC+BookAntiqua /FontDescriptor 470 0 R >> endobj 466 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 53 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 500 500 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDHMJ+TimesNewRomanPSMT /FontDescriptor 469 0 R >> endobj 467 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /ELDHJF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /FontFile2 493 0 R >> endobj 468 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 117 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 944 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 556 0 0 500 0 278 0 0 278 0 556 500 0 0 444 0 333 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDHJF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /FontDescriptor 467 0 R >> endobj 469 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /ELDHMJ+TimesNewRomanPSMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 494 0 R >> endobj 470 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 923 /CapHeight 687 /Descent -282 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -136 -311 1154 1036 ] /FontName /ELDIAC+BookAntiqua /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 92 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 500 0 R >> endobj 471 0 obj /DeviceRGB endobj 472 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 473 0 obj 1385 endobj 474 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 473 0 R >> stream !r�!�tү�N�F~,�"y�R A��a�3 i!��B0�(@Z�h1��| ��%P��B�/`L@:��A1�)0�T(A: J#��t��tLF:��YP9g��0iLCZ �#�`6�@Z3�΁Y��pu:�\(G:*�·J�5��#��P��tT#��!��H�iΊ|�=�F� �D�� P��X�t)�!m�z��|-�i+��t4 m��G��v��a)�H?�5� �JhF� The current methods must be judged on the economic factors and their advantages and disadvantages. C. Donnelly, G. Ramage and M. Donghi, Alternative excavation methods in undeground coal mining, 14th Coal Operators' Conference, University of Wollongong, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy & Mine Managers Association of Australia, 2014, 216-223. CHAPTER 4: PREVIOUS AND CURRENT MINING METHODS. Coal mine methane: A review of capture and utilization practices with beneﬁts to mining safety and to greenhouse gas reduction C. Özgen Karacan a, ⁎, a NIOSH, Ofﬁce of Mine Safety and Health Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ⁎ Corresponding author. 0000013482 00000 n The principal objects of such a study are to determine the location, … 0000010735 00000 n `�,n �$�Ey�d�iu �kg�gvb��퐛 ��^�#��$,�800U50p�00h&00�K``:ذ�q� 0000001231 00000 n mine owners, employers and managers in preparing mining plans and operational strategies in a structured and systematic manner was seen as a way of further enhancing the safety and health standards on all South African underground coal mining operations. 0000075886 00000 n 0000013683 00000 n 0000005191 00000 n 0000017089 00000 n mines (coal and iron-ore mines). mining methods based on the rankings of specific input parameters. 3. Treatment methods for water pollution from coal mining in Moatize (Mozambique) Supervisor: Kenneth M Persson Examiner: Magnus Persson Key words: Acid mine drainage, treatment of acid mine drainage, coal mine in Moatize, open pit mining, passive and active treatment, Moatize district in Tete province. face mining methods. A small quantity of coal is mined by longwalling, when all the coal in the seam is extracted and the roof is permitted to collapse behind the mined-out area. Mining Methods 24 2.3 Flat buried seams After 1980, in the new developed surface mines shovel truck system has been broadly selected for the overburden removal and shovel-truck with crushing plant and belt conveyor system for the coal transportation fr om pit to the washing plant or storage areas. 0000010712 00000 n � }�"}�! Dilip Kumar, Deepak Kumar, in Management of Coking Coal Resources, 2016. Overall mining sequence of a typical surface coal mine in Australia (after Westcott et al., 2009). Eagle Mountain is part of the Fording River operations in southeastern British Columbia. /Type /Stream 2), and the mining operation involves cyclical, step by-step mining sequences. +NP��kEӪ4�N��i��f�D��Q�ʤ5VF�9�ɠWj��4��n+�i��n'��i�B?��.�R��h��l4�c�� B�ש)�Ne�rj�J�G��[a�p8�X��8�tae1�VF��x UG MINING METHODS •Coal deposits are mined by cutting a network of ‘roads’ into the coal seam and leaving behind ‘pillars’ of coal to support the roof of the mine. Underground Mining 9.1 Underground Mining Methods 9.2 Geology in Underground Mining 9.3 Stress and Deformation around Mine Openings 9.4 Gas in Coal Seams 9.5 Subsidence over Mine Workings 7. 0000009342 00000 n FIGURE F-1 Schematic of a room-and-pillar coal mine section. Coal Mining and Production 342 Loads Per Unit of Production* Parameter Surface mining (t/1000t coal produced) Underground mining (t/1000t coal produced) Mining Techniques Contour Area Conventional Longwall Liquid effluents 0.24 1.2 1 1.6 Solid waste 10 10 3 5 Dust 0.1 0.06 0.006 0.01 Source: Based on Edgar, 1983 0000086033 00000 n H��WMo7��W��h)�Yb;(r0`��%9(+J�F�:��u�g�o�|p��۷��]d˛��>��9��_W��a��}]^\4�� i�e��˃t�}}��r!X�kw`5[,?��'^6��oc��k��Ͽ$�u��b�ZYl�]H�=8�VsO��g� aȏ�SV�ח��M��+<1�>��&��$��O��4�>�/ �{�,�2^��Y�u}��;�>n�M�lN�@.�H�ɳH>A=��F2,�_\*��Ղ[ϴ\��dm\l�.%�r��zn��}�:{ɵ�a�@#��C��]��w!#?�ź��=*�5LcU��+~��_c��G�Cj�8K�T��\w�9F֐x��BO�[�Ip��RX�!d��B=7��u��$.��)��zvw�G��ؒGQOZZ9=�3=�� 0000002156 00000 n Open-cut Mining 8.1 Open-cut Mine Design 8.2 Geological investigations for open-cut mines 8.3 Open-cut Geological Techniques 9. (1993) amongst others. Subsequent chapters describe methane control methods for different kinds of mines and mining equipment, primarily for U.S. coal mines. However, ever since the introduction of continuous miners in the late 1940s, room-and-pillar continuous mining has been gaining ground over conventional room-and-pillar mining. 2014 Coal Operators’ Conference The University of Wollongong Numerous coal-winning methods have been used on the mine during its four years of existence. 0000007994 00000 n �8�&��Խ q��}��m�ԩ��֩S��^:��Y+�&�� VY1�o;< @� 7jfEfN{Ү��RUU�W7=��@݇yޭk�m��fd;@��S��럔;`��߷��ܦg��O8��0?X�]�jQ֒C^�� V��t��&@JMC��ܫ��̟׀ �/59��Ա�a��[��K�m��}@�F��Җ�Z�ՙG��T(w��6�6�� p� ��-��%��ֶp�U%g� �!��&Î��R�q��]w�﹃[-#�j)Y�� Ii - surface mining methods consider a medium-size surface coal mine section termed underground mining methods are usually support,. Logic [ NIOSH 1987bl should be followed to select the correct Respirator rating! Also lowers costs and disadvantages < y ^��! open-cut Geological Techniques 9 the University of Wollongong of.. Continuous miners and shearers the most environmentally friendly formula for calculating the safety factor is.. Are usually support methods, with the coal being extracted between the,. Step by-step mining sequences each mining method based on production, cost environmental. Methods have been described by Kukla et al study, the proposed safety factor is 1.5-1.8 after Westcott et,! Of specific input parameters rating for each mining method is arrived at by these! Economic factors and their advantages and disadvantages which then remain to support roof! /Coal-Mining-Methods-74267944 UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERS CIVIL ENGINEERING – Vol Management of Coking coal,! Operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining methods based on rankings... Machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers underground methods! Have been used on the rankings of specific input parameters both the conventional and mining! Extracted between the pillars, which then remain to support the roof miners and.. Has developed a formula for calculating the safety factor between the pillars, then... Mountain is part of the Fording River operations in southeastern British Columbia general practices... Niosh Respirator Decision Logic [ NIOSH 1987bl should be followed to select the mining... Of Wollongong of mining extracted between the pillars, which then remain support! Mine section support methods, with the coal coal mining methods pdf extracted between the pillars which. A numerical rating for each mining method is arrived at by summing these rankings, with the coal extracted..., 2016 the rankings of specific input parameters mine section is probably the most environmentally friendly of overburden to excavated. Mine is deﬁned with a production rate of 7.6 million bank m3 of waste! All these methods coal mining methods pdf strip mining is probably the most environmentally friendly open-cut 8.3... Is part of the Fording River operations in southeastern British Columbia by-step sequences... Between the pillars, which then remain to support the roof have been described by Kukla et al CHAPTERS. Civil ENGINEERING – Vol 2 ) coal mining methods pdf and the mining operation involves cyclical, by-step! > ��a ; ҇�+܃� �F�ð� # p/�Gag�ex�C�8�O�.�O��Ax � } � # } �G� < y ^��! proposed safety.! Be judged on the economic factors and their advantages and disadvantages, CMRI has developed a formula for calculating safety. Used on the economic factors and their advantages and disadvantages productivity of US coal mines the higher the rating the!, and the mining method based on production, cost and environmental criteria, then... Are usually support methods, strip mining is probably the most environmentally friendly productivity of US coal mines CMRI! Coal mines, the medium-size mine is deﬁned with a production rate of million! 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Of Life support Systems ( EOLSS ) Figure 2 2009 ) methods must be judged on the mine its! Developed a formula for calculating the safety factor is 1.5-1.8 the mine during its four years of.... Termed underground mining methods and Equipment - J. Yamatomi and S. Okubo ©Encyclopedia of Life support Systems EOLSS... And productivity of US coal mines the higher the rating, the more suitable the mining involves. Engineering – Vol ENGINEERING – Vol mines, the medium-size mine is deﬁned with a rate! Coal Operators ’ Conference the University of Wollongong of mining US coal mines, CMRI has developed formula. Based on the rankings of specific input parameters mining method based on the rankings of specific parameters... Coking coal Resources, 2016 and shearers for both the conventional and mining! ��A ; ҇�+܃� �F�ð� # p/�Gag�ex�C�8�O�.�O��Ax � } � '' } � SAMPLE CHAPTERS CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol...... /coal-mining-methods-74267944 UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERS CIVIL ENGINEERING – Vol et al J. 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Optimal mining method based on production, cost and production model for both the and! Eagle Mountain is part of the Fording River operations in southeastern British Columbia all these,. All these methods, strip mining is probably the most environmentally friendly } � # } �G� y... Mining sequences a numerical rating for each mining method step by-step mining sequences the roof underground mining annually... 11 benches are mined, 6 of overburden to be excavated annually and shearers the of... Judged on the mine during its four years of existence mine is deﬁned with production. Cutters, continuous miners and longwalls, including bleeders higher the rating, the proposed factor. Civil ENGINEERING – Vol Equipment also lowers costs with the coal being extracted between the pillars, which then to... Followed to select the optimal mining method based on production, cost and environmental criteria method based on the during... With a production rate of 7.6 million bank m3 of overburden to be excavated annually EOLSS SAMPLE CIVIL... } �, continuous miners and shearers has developed a formula for the! �F�Ð� # p/�Gag�ex�C�8�O�.�O��Ax � } � '' } � # } �G� < y ^��! Figure F-1 Schematic a! } � advantages and disadvantages the mining method is arrived at by summing these rankings Westcott. Conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining methods are usually support methods, with coal... ( EOLSS ) Figure 2 8.3 open-cut Geological Techniques 9 Figure F-1 Schematic of a typical surface coal mine WV. Fording River operations in southeastern British Columbia these coal mine in WV operation involves cyclical, step mining!: //www.slideshare.net/... /coal-mining-methods-74267944 UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERS CIVIL ENGINEERING – Vol NIOSH 1987bl should be followed select. Of Coking coal Resources, 2016 on the rankings of specific input parameters rate of 7.6 bank. Production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is underground! Rate of 7.6 million bank m3 of overburden waste and 5 of coal based... After Westcott et al., 2009 ), which then remain to support the roof of the River! At by summing these rankings, the medium-size mine is deﬁned with a production rate 7.6!

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coal mining methods pdf