On 30 October 1995, the night of the sovereignty referendum in Quebec, Premier Jacques Parizeau became infamous for his comment that ‘money and ethnic votes’ had defeated the sovereignist cause. But five years later, in the 1994 election, it won a majority government. Two Deputy Returning Officers were charged by the DGEQ with violating elections laws, but in 1996 were found not guilty (a decision upheld by the Quebec Court of Appeal), after it was found that the ballots were not rejected in a fraudulent or irregular manner, and that there was no proof of conspiracy. [48], Bouchard's speeches asked Quebecers to vote "Yes" to give a clear mandate for change, and that only the clarity of a "Yes" vote would provide a final solution to Canada's long-standing constitutional issues and a new partnership with English Canada for the betterment of both. The National Assembly of Quebec passed Bill 99, proclaiming the right of self-determination pursuant to the Referendum Act. [9] Mario Dumont, leader of the new Action démocratique du Québec, also stated that he would only consider participation in the referendum if a partnership was made part of the question. Si vous voulez, on va cesser de parler des francophones du Québec, voulez-vous ? Transcript: Fourth Reading V - Ontario, Parizeau and the Referendum | Nov 27, 1994 The opening sequence rolls. In the 1993 federal election, as the Liberals returned to power with a majority government under Jean Chrétien, who had been Minister of Justice during the 1980–81 constitutional discussions, the Bloc Québécois won 54 seats with 49.3% of Quebec's vote. [50] Bloc Québécois MP Suzanne Tremblay was less successful in this regard, and apologized after answering journalist Joyce Napier's question of how minority francophones outside of Quebec would be helped by independence by stating that Napier's last name and lack of a Québécois accent made her ignorant of the subject. A French version of the speech was made public several months ago when Radio-Canada satirist Infoman — Jean-René Dufort — broadcast a copy that was given to him by Lisette Lapointe, wife of the late Parti … "[22] Prominent federalists argued that the referendum question should not have mentioned "partnership" proposals, because no Canadian political leaders outside Quebec had shown any interest in negotiating a possible partnership agreement with an independent Quebec, and arguably no entity capable of undertaking such negotiations actually existed. [95] In a speech he had prepared in the event of a "Yes" victory, he said a sovereign Quebec's first move would be to "extend a hand to its Canadian neighbour" in partnership pursuant to the wording of the referendum. [86], "Yes" supporters met at the Palais des congrès de Montréal on referendum night. All it means is that in the next round, instead of us being 60 or 61 per cent in favour, we’ll be 63 or 64 per cent. The margin was significantly smaller than the 1980 referendum. CBC Digital Archives: Jacques Parizeau’s English referendum victory speech now publicNote: This link contains Parizeau’s concession speech in French with simultaneous translation. [138] The Montreal Gazette reported in March 1997 that the group also had other funds from undeclared sources. "Unity rally charges against top Liberal a 'badge of honour'". Bertrand asked for interim and permanent injunctions against the holding of the referendum. [5] The PQ won a majority government with 44.75% of the popular vote. [85], "No" supporters gathered at Métropolis in Montreal, where Johnson expressed hope for reconciliation in Quebec and stated he expected the federal government to pursue constitutional changes. As polls showed Parizeau's approach as highly unlikely to even exceed 40% support in a referendum, leaders of the movement engaged in a heated public debate. In what became known as the Meech Lake Accord, the Federal government and all provincial premiers agreed to a series of amendments that decentralized some powers and recognized Quebec as forming a distinct society. Be calm. [102] Benoit Bouchard, Canada's ambassador at the time, believed that the plan was irrational as he doubted Séguin, who was supposed to be a neutral figure in his role, could bring sufficient pressure in the country's semi-presidential system. Aurèle Gervais, communications director for the Liberal Party of Canada, as well as the students' association at Ottawa's Algonquin College, were charged with infractions of Quebec's Election Act after the referendum for illegally hiring buses to bring supporters to Montreal for the rally. [62], The Grand Council of the Crees in Northern Quebec was particularly vocal and prominent in its resistance to the idea of being included in an independent Quebec. [70] Tobin then encouraged fellow caucus members to send as many people as possible. The referendum of 1980 [54], On October 21 in Longueuil, Johnson, hoping to defuse the issue, ad libbed a challenge to Chrétien to declare his position on distinct society recognition. The proposal of June 12, 1995 was rejected by voters, with 50.58% voting "No" and 49.42% voting "Yes". [24]. After the agreement of June 12, the "Yes" campaign would be headed by Jacques Parizeau. [7][8] Bouchard thought a proposal lacking a partnership would doom the project among soft nationalists (such as himself) who worried about the economic consequences of separation. [2], Parizeau's hopes for international recognition, a practical requirement of statehood, rested with France and the Francophonie. Controversy arose over whether the Deputy Returning Officers of the Chomedey, Marguerite-Bourgeois and Laurier-Dorion ridings had improperly rejected ballots. [110][111], Jean Chrétien refused to publicly comment or consider contingencies regarding a possible "Yes" victory, and at no point stated the referendum bound the Federal government to negotiations or permitted a unilateral declaration of independence. [37] While Parizeau's responses were highly popular with "Yes" stalwarts, it was generally seen that speeches against business leaders were only highlighting the economic uncertainty that worried swing voters. Following the narrow victory, the Chrétien government established a pro-Canada advertising campaign. Parizeau denounced the decision as undemocratic,[18] stated that the Constitution Act, 1982 did not apply to Quebec,[19] and refused to move the referendum timetable. Scotland has it right. Seguin, Rheal. [76] Jean Chrétien, Jean Charest and Daniel Johnson spoke to the crowd for the occasion, which would become known as the "Unity Rally". The party's platform promised to hold a referendum on sovereignty during his term in office as premier. This eventually led to the Gomery Commission's investigation of the Sponsorship Scandal. De premier van Quebec, Jacques Parizeau, heeft dinsdag aangekondigd te zullen aftreden. Campaign spending by any person or group other than the official committees would be illegal after the official beginning of the referendum campaign. Many years lapsed before Parizeau offered any clear explanation for his outburst … But you veterans remain in the fray because we need all of you. All ballots of the three ridings plus a sample of ballots from other ridings were examined. And we will get it. Federalists strongly differed on how or if a "Yes" referendum result would be recognized. While the Accord was collapsing, Lucien Bouchard, a cabinet minister in Mulroney's government, led a coalition of Progressive Conservative and Liberal members of parliament from Quebec to form a new federal party devoted to Quebec sovereignty, the Bloc Québécois. ( Log Out /  [87], Jacques Parizeau, who had not prepared a concession speech, rejected one prepared by Jean-François Lisée and spoke without notes. Puis c'est réussi, c'est réussi sur un plan. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. On se crache dan… "Fears fuelled of referendum plot New report says 'charges of electoral bias ... are plausible'". [67], Fisheries Minister Brian Tobin, expressing anxiety to his staff about the referendum the week before, was told about a small rally planned in Place du Canada in Montreal for businesspersons on October 27. Parizeau promised to hold a second referendum on sovereignty. [136][137] Option Canada received $1.6 million in funding from the Canadian Heritage Department in 1994, $3.35 million in 1995 and $1.1 million in 1996. In an interview with 98.5 FM Montreal, Jacques Parizeau clarified the controversial comments he made in a 1995 speech following the sovereignty referendum's yes-side loss. Parizeau's resignation led to Bouchard becoming the leader of the PQ and Premier unopposed. Marsden, William. Auditor General Sheila Fraser released a report in November 2003, outlining the problems. [131][132], Citizenship Court judges from across Canada were sent into the province to ensure as many qualified immigrants living in Quebec as possible had Canadian citizenship before the referendum, and thus were able to vote. "Hospitalized for the last five months, he overcame one ordeal after another... until finally he was forced to surrender (Monday) evening," widow Lisette Lapointe said in a statement. "Non-Québécois accent sounds ignorant to MP". The pamphlet gave out a toll-free number as contact information, which was the same number as the one used by the Canadian Unity Council.[139]. [32], The campaign officially began on October 2, 1995, with a televised address by both leaders. [107] Dumont noted that international recognition would have been difficult had two of the three leaders of the "Yes" campaign been against a UDI, and that he and Bouchard were willing to slow the process down if necessary. We won’t wait another 15 years this time. [83] This prompted speculation that provincial civil servants did not want the uncertainty a "Yes" would bring, especially after Parizeau had promised to integrate displaced Federal civil servants in a sovereign Quebec.[83]. Jacques Parizeau, former Quebec premier and sovereigntist leader, dead at 84 Back to video “Immense grief tonight,” Lapointe said. Aboriginal groups also demanded to be full participants in any new constitutional negotiations resulting from the referendum. [1] Parizeau, who announced his pending resignation as Quebec premier the following day, later stated that he would have quickly proceeded with a unilateral declaration of independence had the result been affirmative and negotiations failed or been refused,[2] the latter of which was later revealed as the federal position in the event of a "Yes" victory. We lost by a tiny margin. Premier Jacques Parizeau and his wife Lisette Lapointe wave as they leave a "Yes" campaign rally 19 October in Montreal. Noting that 60% of French-speakers had voted yes, he stated that he would address French-speaking Québécois as nous ("we"), and that they had spoken clearly in favour of the "Yes. "Le camp du NON a-t-il volé le référendum de 1995?". [73] Tobin noted that committees were being formed in Ottawa and Toronto, charter aircraft were being ordered, and that Canadian Airlines had a 90% off "unity" sale. [49] Bouchard's popularity was such that his remarks that the Québécois were the "white race" with the lowest rate of reproduction, which threatened to cast the project as focused on ethnic nationalism, were traversed with ease. The riding with the highest "Yes" result was Saguenay along the northern shore with 73.3% voting yes; The riding with the highest "No" result was D'Arcy-McGee in the West Island with 96.38% voting "No"; The riding with the closest result was Vimont in Laval, which the "Yes" won by 6 votes and the highest turnout was in Marguerite-D'Youville (96.52%). JACQUES PARIZEAU MAKES HIS FIRST PITCH OUTSIDE QUEBEC. A former lion of the Quebec separatist movement, Jacques Parizeau, who narrowly missed splitting the province from the rest of Canada in a 1995 referendum, has died, his wife said Tuesday. [124][125] Thomas Mulcair, member of the Quebec National Assembly for Chomedey, told reporters that there was "an orchestrated attempt to steal the vote" in his riding. [16] Daniel Johnson announced the following day that the ruling would not change the strategy of the "No" campaign. [41], Bouchard, already popular, became a sensation: in addition to his medical struggles and charisma, his more moderate approach and prominent involvement in the Meech Lake Accord while in Ottawa reminded undecided nationalist voters of federal missteps from years past. [82]. Gold. First Nations communities contributed significantly to the tense debate on a hypothetical partition of Quebec. [84] The far North, the Outaouais, the Beauce, and the Eastern Townships also generally voted "No". Contenta, Sandro. It was successful in one sense. The commission was boycotted by the Liberal Party of Quebec, the Liberal Party of Canada, and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.[6]. [123] A study released months after the referendum by McGill University concluded that ridings with a greater number of "No" votes had a higher percentage of rejected ballots. 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