2), and the mining operation involves cyclical, step by-step mining sequences. 0000002156 00000 n face mining methods. 0000012048 00000 n https://www.slideshare.net/.../coal-mining-methods-74267944 CHAPTER 4: PREVIOUS AND CURRENT MINING METHODS. 8 0 obj Classification of Underground Mining Methods Mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. A dragline cannot be used due to the depth of the coal and width of the pit, but later on in the life of the mine, the mined-out terraces will be back-filled with waste (ie. The term coal quality is used to distinguish the range of different commercial steam coals that are produced directly by 8 Methods for Protecting Coal Miners The particulate filter in the respirator can become saturated and change its filtration and breathing resistance characteristics. TӨU�R�R�*Q��"��r�ȫTȝ�������^�'��� +?���m�F�F�4+��"��Z�Z���R1�T�V� mine owners, employers and managers in preparing mining plans and operational strategies in a structured and systematic manner was seen as a way of further enhancing the safety and health standards on all South African underground coal mining operations. /Type /Stream 0000003812 00000 n Overall mining sequence of a typical surface coal mine in Australia (after Westcott et al., 2009). The necessary underground equipment for maintaining … Modified version of Auger mining (dates back to 1940) 1n 1989-91 ADDCAR highwall mining system was developed and introduced to mining community in expo in oct. 1992. later modified and now Popularly used in U.S and Australia Recently introduced in Europe and Canada, First highwall mining operations will start in 2013 in Canada Many design techniques are developed in U.S & Australia 0000009342 00000 n � }�"}�! Coal seam degasification is covered extensively. machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. 0000046534 00000 n The higher the rating, the more suitable the mining method. 0000009365 00000 n 0000006702 00000 n Underground Mining Methods 1.1. 0000002844 00000 n select the optimal mining method based on production, cost and environmental criteria. C. Donnelly, G. Ramage and M. Donghi, Alternative excavation methods in undeground coal mining, 14th Coal Operators' Conference, University of Wollongong, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy & Mine Managers Association of Australia, 2014, 216-223. << 0000013683 00000 n Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Coal Mining Methods Author: USER Created Date: 4/12/2020 3:33:04 PM 0000046881 00000 n 0000004058 00000 n >> The NIOSH Respirator Decision Logic [NIOSH 1987bl should be followed to select the correct respirator. For this study, the medium-size mine is defined with a production rate of 7.6 million bank m3 of overburden to be excavated annually. of mining. iG�`�dq[]B�)��-��}li��M ���t�(�(SGr!qb[� �jY~�0T�&%����=0xgຏR�0 4 0 obj 1. Selection of Shaft Sinking Method for Underground Mining in Khalashpir Coal Field, Khalashpir, Rangpur, Bangladesh (PDF) Geological and geotechnical aspects of underground coal … 0000005161 00000 n However, ever since the introduction of continuous miners in the late 1940s, room-and-pillar continuous mining has been gaining ground over conventional room-and-pillar mining. mining methods based on the rankings of specific input parameters. A new mining method 04 Introduction The mining methods used in open cut coal strip mining in most major coal producing countries have been well established and fairly consistent over the past few decades. %PDF-1.7 ��� ��/��H��� }^�G�� CzGz�����H_����O#}�A��;H��w�y���H߇#����� ҏ���3�1B�wx�'�*ң����)�g�38��18��8���sx���/���S�x�W�6��;�'�kx�7���~� �>@�|��_�ғH���c����H��L��(�|�Ў������%�K@G�Ǐj��[t�U*�(��5j� A numerical rating for each mining method is arrived at by summing these rankings. 0000014104 00000 n !�wE^���g��> ��a;҇�+܃� �F�ð�#p/�Gag�ex�C�8�O�.�O���Ax 0000002178 00000 n Coal mine methane: A review of capture and utilization practices with benefits to mining safety and to greenhouse gas reduction C. Özgen Karacan a, ⁎, a NIOSH, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ⁎ Corresponding author. �00m9蒬�x��Ȏ�͞���72�0�eep'�0:Ѓ��f�H � ���X����(�����D @� ��X� endstream endobj 502 0 obj 292 endobj 462 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 448 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS2 471 0 R /CS3 472 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 495 0 R /GS3 496 0 R >> /Font << /TT6 468 0 R /TT7 466 0 R /TT8 464 0 R /TT9 465 0 R /TT10 487 0 R /TT11 485 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /Contents [ 474 0 R 476 0 R 478 0 R 480 0 R 482 0 R 484 0 R 490 0 R 492 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 >> endobj 463 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 923 /CapHeight 687 /Descent -282 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -134 -337 1193 1021 ] /FontName /ELDHOL+BookAntiqua-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 140.269 /FontFile2 497 0 R >> endobj 464 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 722 833 611 556 833 0 389 0 778 611 1000 833 0 611 0 722 0 667 778 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 611 444 611 500 389 556 611 333 0 0 333 889 611 556 611 611 389 444 333 611 556 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDHOL+BookAntiqua-Bold /FontDescriptor 463 0 R >> endobj 465 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 371 0 0 840 0 208 333 333 389 0 250 333 250 606 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 0 0 0 0 0 778 611 709 774 611 556 763 832 337 0 726 611 946 831 786 604 0 668 525 613 778 722 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 553 444 611 479 333 556 582 291 234 556 291 883 582 546 601 560 395 424 326 603 565 834 516 556 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDIAC+BookAntiqua /FontDescriptor 470 0 R >> endobj 466 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 53 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 500 500 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDHMJ+TimesNewRomanPSMT /FontDescriptor 469 0 R >> endobj 467 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /ELDHJF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 133 /FontFile2 493 0 R >> endobj 468 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 117 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 944 0 0 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 556 0 0 500 0 278 0 0 278 0 556 500 0 0 444 0 333 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /ELDHJF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /FontDescriptor 467 0 R >> endobj 469 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /ELDHMJ+TimesNewRomanPSMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 494 0 R >> endobj 470 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 923 /CapHeight 687 /Descent -282 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -136 -311 1154 1036 ] /FontName /ELDIAC+BookAntiqua /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 92 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 500 0 R >> endobj 471 0 obj /DeviceRGB endobj 472 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 473 0 obj 1385 endobj 474 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 473 0 R >> stream A small quantity of coal is mined by longwalling, when all the coal in the seam is extracted and the roof is permitted to collapse behind the mined-out area. stream Of all these methods, strip mining is probably the most environmentally friendly. These coal mine chapters include continuous miners and longwalls, including bleeders. Generally for Indian mines, the proposed safety factor is 1.5-1.8. 2.1 Dragline method Dragline is the predominant mach ine which is used to remove the overburden and expose the coal when the deposit s characteristics match the draglines physical capabilities. 0000003300 00000 n 0000075886 00000 n `�,n �$�Ey�d�iu �kg�gvb��퐛 ����^�#��$,�800U50p�00h&00�K``:ذ�q� 2014 Coal Operators’ Conference The University of Wollongong FIGURE F-1 Schematic of a room-and-pillar coal mine section. trailer << /Size 503 /Info 446 0 R /Root 460 0 R /Prev 205388 /ID[<256a3c31ee788af6ee8fe4825b23578d><9fa9f9e957f0e0541c8196c499549f71>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 460 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 448 0 R /Metadata 447 0 R /OpenAction [ 462 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /JT 458 0 R /PageLabels 445 0 R /StructTreeRoot 461 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20040526114559)>> >> /LastModified (D:20040526114559) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 461 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 21 0 R /ClassMap 24 0 R /K [ 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R ] /ParentTree 430 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 5 >> endobj 501 0 obj << /S 206 /L 325 /C 341 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 502 0 R >> stream Other underground coal mines are laid out in a checkerboard of rooms and pillars (Fig. Subsequent chapters describe methane control methods for different kinds of mines and mining equipment, primarily for U.S. coal mines. !r�!�tү�N�F~,�"y�R A��a�3 i!���B0�(@Z�h1��| ��%P��B�/`L@:���A1�)0�T(A: J#��t��tLF:��YP9g���0iLCZ �#�`6�@Z3�Y��pu:�\(G:*�·J�5���#���P����tT#�������!���H�iΊ|�=�F� �D��� ��P��X�t)�!m�z���|-�i+��t4 m���G���v���a)�H?�5� �JhF� 0000015681 00000 n Z"�yЊ�����A�.hGz����Xy�aҵЉt����*������wa��F�Bz1\��V#�k�^�H7���;p)�Cz\��rX�� 2�?N$��t�Ұ��j�$���&��*�, (=��YH�����_��x��e{�m��P���= �94���&K�E���$-c�����?HڦA��l�0z��� ��؝�;]�X\��*�1�F�"_�]I �lASU'�!�X���Z7��p(M�U��J͡5]w�ġ�P��H\g���f�s%*,N���E#^dxC� ll��2�-�%�09zGB=p�"^����`��'������M{Kh rt7,?��t'�S��%pF���26��t'r�>��vu$� 459 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 462 /H [ 1763 415 ] /L 214698 /E 112155 /N 5 /T 205399 >> endobj xref 459 44 0000000016 00000 n Treatment methods for water pollution from coal mining in Moatize (Mozambique) Supervisor: Kenneth M Persson Examiner: Magnus Persson Key words: Acid mine drainage, treatment of acid mine drainage, coal mine in Moatize, open pit mining, passive and active treatment, Moatize district in Tete province. 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